Mustacher

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Translation/Tradução: Heinz Claudius (when applicable)

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Getting too old?

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Spring Harvest

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HAVE X THERE TO BE

Um dos equívocos mais comuns e constantes é a confusão que fazemos com o "ter" e o "haver".

Enquanto que em português podemos tranquilamente formular algumas frases tanto com um como com outro sem que haja dúvida na interpretação, em inglês temos uma diferença bem grande e não podemos cometer esse equívoco.

Por exemplo, em português posso dizer:
"Tem um carro na rua" ou "Há um carro na rua".

Já em inglês, devo dizer:
"There is a car on the street".

Isso porque "have" somente pode ser usado em duas situações:
1) Auxiliar nos Present Perfect Tenses, que vamos estudar em outro momento.

2) Verbo TER ou POSSUIR. Para indicar posse de alguma coisa ou relacionamento com alguém. E é nesse uso que vamos focar nesse post.
Ex: "I have a new laptop". "She has two children".

Assim, para que eu pudesse usar "have" para indicar que tem um carro na rua, esse "have" deveria estar ligado à posse do carro por alguém. Como em "Tem um carro na rua" eu não sou capaz de dizer a quem pertence o carro, não posso usar o "have".
Mas se eu compreender que esse "tem um carro na rua" indica a "existência de um carro na rua", facilmente me recordo do "There to be", usando assim "There is a car on the street".

O There To Be

Bem semelhante ao Verb To Be, o There To Be funciona da mesma forma, ou seja, tem singular (there is) e plural (there are).

There is a package of beans left.
There are two packages of beans left.

Faz a interrogativa como o verb to be, invertendo-se a posição:
Is there a new employee in the office?
Are there ten boys in the bus?

A negativa, obtemos ao acrescentar not "n't", igualzinho ao que fazemos com o To Be:
There isn't any time to play today.
There aren't leftovers from dinner.
Isn't there a meeting at noon?
Aren't there people waiting for you?

Obs 1: Assim como a maioria dos verbos, o There To Be também é usado na sua forma infinitiva, com modais e condicionais:
There must be a solution.
There shouldn't be such kind of interruption.
Could there be another way?

Note que nesses casos, as negações e interrogações se aplicam ao modal e não ao "be", como nos casos anteriores.

Obs 1: Usamos o "There To Be" em todos os tempos verbais do inglês. Exemplos:

Simple Present: There is a car on the street.
Simple Past: There was a car on the street.
Simple Future (com will): There will be a car on the street.
Simple Future (com going to): There is going to be a car on the street.
Present Perfect: There has been a car on the street.
Past Perfect: There had been a car on the street.
Future Perfect: There will have been a car on the street. 

E nos modais.
There (would/could/should/must...etc) be a car on the street.
There (would/could/should/must...etc) have been a car on the street.

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Translation/Tradução: Heinz Claudius (when applicable)

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Now we know..................

Once upon a time there was a king who wanted to go fishing.

He called the royal weather forecaster and asked about the upcoming weather conditions.

The weatherman assured him that there was no chance of rain in the days ahead.

So the king went fishing with his wife, the queen. On the way he met a farmer on his donkey. Upon seeing the king the farmer said, "Your Majesty, you should return to the palace at once because in just a short time I expect a huge amount of rain to fall in this area".

The king was polite and considerate, he replied: "I hold the palace meteorologist in high regard. He is an extensively educated and experienced professional. And besides, I pay him very high wages. He gave me a very different forecast. I trust him and I will continue on my way." 

A short time later a torrential rain fell from the sky. The king and queen were totally soaked. Their entourage chuckled upon seeing them in such a drenched condition.

Furious, the king returned to the palace and fired the weatherman at once!

Then he summoned the farmer and offered him the prestigious and high paying role of Royal Forecaster.

The farmer said, "Your Majesty, I do not know anything about forecasting. I obtain my information from my donkey. If I see my donkey's ears drooping, it means with certainty that it will rain."

So the king hired the donkey.

And thus began the practice of hiring asses to work in the government and occupy its highest and most influential advisory positions.

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Feeling Adjectives (with meaning in Portuguese and Antonyms)

Some of the several Feeling Adjectives


Feelings Adjectives

Afraid = receoso/temeroso, courageous

Agitated = agitado, calm

Agreeable = agradável, unpleasant

Aggrieved = ofendido, comforted

Amazed = atônito, calm

Amused = divertido, boring

Angry = bravo, calm

Annoyed = aborrecido, gratified

Anxious = ansioso, quiet

Apathetic = apático, enthusiastic

Apprehensive = apreensivo, cool

Arrogant = arrogante, humble

Ashamed = envergonhado, confident

Astonished = abismado, calm

Awful = horrível, beautiful

Bad = mau, good

Bereaved = desolado, excited

Bewildered = atortoado, aware

Bored = entediado, excited

Brave = bravo, afraid

Calm = calmo, rough

Careful = atento, foolish

Certain = certo/seguro, unsure

Charged = cobrado/acusado, paid/settled

Charming = charmoso, unattractive

Cheerful = animado, lifeless

Cheery = alegre, unhappy

Clumsy = desajeitado, skilled

Combative = agressivo, kind

Comfortable = confortável, uncomfortable

Condemned = condenado, innocent

Confused = confuso, certain

Content = contente, unhappy

Cooperative = cooperative, unhelpful

Courageous = corajoso, coward

Crazy = doido, believable

Creepy = arrepiante, pleasant

Cruel = cruel, gentle

Dangerous = perigoso, safe

Defeated = derrotado, victorious

Defiant = desafiador, acquiescent

Delightful = encantador, horrible

Depressed = deprimido, motivated

Determined = determinado, irresolute

Disappointed = desapontado, satisfied

Disgusted = desgostoso/aborrecido, pleased

Disinterested = desinteressado, interested

Disturbed = perturbado, neat

Dizzy = tonto, steady

Dull = lento/estúpido, bright

Dumb = pateta/burro, smart

Eager = impaciente, uneager

Elated = muito feliz, dissapointed

Embarrassed = embaraçado, unashamed

Enchanting = fascinante, repulsive

Encouraging = encorajador, unpromising

Energetic = enérgico/ativo, idle

Enthusiastic = entusiasmado, unwilling

Envious = invejoso, kind

Evil = perverso, good

Excited = excitado/ansioso, apathetic

Exuberant = exuberante, lethargic

Fair = justo, unfair

Faithful = leal, unfaithful

Fantastic = fantástico, ordinary

Fearful = amedrontado, composed

Fierce = feroz, mild

Fine = bem, bad

Flipped-out = enfurecido, calm

Flirting = assanhado, shy

Foolish = idiota/tolo, reasonable

Fortunate = sortudo, unfortunate

Frantic = frenético, sane

Friendly = amigável, hostile

Frightened = assustado, courageous

Frustrated = frustrado, stimulated

Funny = engraçado, boring

Generous = generoso, penny-pincher

Gentle = gentil, cruel

Glad = satisfeito/feliz, upset

Gleeful = feliz, indignant

Glorious = glorioso, inglorious

Good = bem/bom, bad

Grieving = aflito, delighted

Grumpy = irritável, pleased

Happy = feliz, sad

Healthy = saudável, sick

Helpful = útil, useless

Helpless = desamparado, hopeful

Hesitant = hesitante, confident

Hilarious = hilário, boring

Hungry = esfomeado, pleased

Hurt = machucado, healed

Ill = doente/enfermo, healthy

Indignant = indignado, gleeful

Inspired = inspirado, depressed

Interested = interessado, inattentive

Itchy = nervosa, calm

Jealous = ciumento, trusting

Jittery = nervosa/tenso, quiet

Jolly = alegre, troubled

Joyful = rejubilante, down

Joyous = alegre, gloomy

Jubilant = jubilante, sorrowful

Kind = gentil, rude

Lazy = preguiçoso, engaged

Lively = atento/esperto, dull

Lovely = adorável, homely

Loving = afetuoso, aloof

Lucky = sortudo, unlucky

Mad = bravo, sensible

Melancholic = melancólico, joyful

Motivated = motivado, retard

Mysterious = misterioso, explicable

Nasty = sórdido/indecente, nice

Naughty = malcriado, behaved

Nervous = nervosa, relaxed

Nice = bem/legal, nasty

Nutty = pirado/aloprado, balanced

Obedient = obediente, neglectful

Obnoxious = ofensivo, friendly

Obstinate = obstinado, pliant

Outrageous = ultrajante, gentle

Panicky = amedrontado, fearless

Perfect = perfeito, imperfect

Petulant = petulante, cheerful

Pleasant = agradável, ofensive

Pleased = satisfeito, dissatisfied

Prepared = preparado, unprepared

Proud = orgulhoso, humble

Quiet = quieto/calmo, communicate/boisterous

Ready = pronto, unprepared

Relieved = aliviado, distraught

Reluctant = relutante, rash

Repulsive = repugnante, agreeable

Restless = agitado/insone, relaxed

Sad = triste, happy

Scared = assustado, bold

Scary = assustador, soothing

Selfish = egoísta, benevolent

Shocked = chocado, delighted

Silly = bobo, sensible

Sleepy = sonolento/indolente, awake

Smiling = sorridente, angry

Soothing = tranquilo, scary

Sore = dolorido/magoado, painless

Sorry = arrependido, heartened

Splendid = esplêndido, insignificant

Stubborn = teimoso, yielding

Stunned = aturdido, oriented

Successful = bem sucedido/próspero, loser

Surprised = surpreso, aware

Tense = tenso, calm

Terrible = terrível, delightful

Testy = rabugento, easy-going

Thankful = agradecido, ungrateful

Thoughtful = pensativo, thoughless

Thoughtless = imprudente, thoughtful

Tired = cansado, lively

Troubled = perturbado/enrascado, settled

Unhappy = infeliz, happy

Uninspired = sem inspiração, inspired

Upset = chateado, joyful

Uptight = apreensivo, cool

Victorious = vitorioso, defeated

Vigilant = cauteloso, heedless

Vivacious = sagaz, dispirited

Weary = fatigado, energetic

Wicked = vingativo/immoral, clean

Willing = disposto, apathetic

Wishful = ávido/saudoso, hopeless

Witty = espirituoso, unfunny

Wonderful = maravilhosa, ordinary

Worried = preocupado, unworried

Zany = bobo/simplório, serious

Zealous = zeloso, unconcerned

Image/Imagem: Google Images

Translation/Tradução: Heinz Claudius (when applicable)

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